Dose Area Product (DAP) Meters



Cardiovascular and Angio vascular procedures are known to contribute very high skin exposures to patients.

Values over 200 Roentgens, while not typical, can occur in these modalities when very large patients require very long procedures.

Erythema can occur above 300 Roentgens. Substantially higher skin exposures can result in skin burning, and tissue necrosis. Consequently, fluoroscopic operators must always be aware of the skin doses they are administering to their patients.